These three fundamental defects of ocular optics can be operationally corrected by the following surgical procedures:
myopia (near-sightedness)
up to -6 diopters: applanation of the corneal curvature with the excimer laser; more than -6 diopters: implantation of an intraocular contact lens (ICL) or exchange of the natural lens against an artificial one (»Clear Lens Exchange«).
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hypermetropia (far-sightedness)
up to +3 diopters: steepening of the corneal curvature with the excimer laser; more than +3 diopters: implantation of an intraocular contact lens (ICL) or exchange of the natural lens against an artificial one (»Clear Lens Exchange«).
astigmatism
up to 3 diopters: correction of the corneal curvature with the excimer laser; up to 5 diopters: correction of the corneal curvature by concentric incisions (astigmatic keratotomy); in conjunction with an extreme near- or far-sightedness: intraocular contact lens (ICL) or »Clear Lens Exchange«.
The procedure is chosen after the patients have thoroughly been examined and given advice as well as in consideration of their ages and respective wishes.
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